The Ark in Shiloh

Over three years ago, a group of faithful volunteers embarked on a mission as ancient as time itself: to recreate the Ark of the Covenant, a sacred vessel forged in fire and spirit whose echoes have reverberated across millennia. This journey began with the donation of a golden artifact from the First Temple, inscribed with the timeless words, “Consecrated to God.”

It was a planted seed of faith around which the entire project took root, growing in purpose and devotion. Every thread, plank of wood, and grain of gold was prepared with intent and reverence, every detail crafted with an eye toward the divine. Sourcing the materials proved to be a monumental challenge. The Acacia wood (עצי שיטים), mentioned in the Torah, had to be found in sufficient quantity and durable condition, while over six pounds of pure gold—some from Egyptian idols (Exodus 11:2)—needed to be refined, cast, and hammered. The goal was not merely to craft an object of beauty but to revive a symbol of the eternal covenant between G-d and His people—a bridge spanning heaven and earth, foreshadowing the promised unity of all creation.

Joinery used in the construction

The textiles presented an enormous challenge. The inner liner, table covers, and Ark covering had to be woven and embroidered using modern and ancient techniques. Linen and wool sandwiches were spun by hand and dyed using biblical-style dyes like Techelet (blue), Argaman (purple), and Tola’at Shani (crimson).

Flap detail on Ark cover

Silver pomegranates and shells at the bottom of the Ark cover

The inner Shatnez liner using the Lilies of the Field (שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ/כלנית) motif with the priestly blessing on the walls

The embroidery recreated designs of the seven biblical species—barley, vines, figs, pomegranates, olive, dates, and wheat—to adorn the Ark’s covering, including Lilies of the Field for the liner inside the Ark that would house a Torah Scroll—a Holocaust survivor from Thessaloniki, Greece. These elements, rich in symbolic patterns, mirrored those described in the Bible and archaeological findings. Each stitch blended faith and artistry in a process that took months to complete. The artisans approached the embroidery not just as a craft but as an act of worship, pouring their devotion into every thread. The result was an intricately detailed piece worthy of the Ark’s sacred role, woven and embroidered with precision, reverence, love, and care.

The first page of the book of Genesis

Sample hand embroidery of Wheat

All carpentry aspects were crucial to the project. They had to figure out how to use ancient woodworking and joinery techniques like mortise and tenon to ensure the Ark was built to the exact specifications given in the Torah. They consulted historians, Egyptian artifacts, and craftsmen, attempting to replicate the techniques used by Bezalel, the biblical artisan who was divinely inspired to manage the building of the Ark, Tabernacle, and all the vessels.

The embroidered Torah cover with the inscription “She is a tree of life to those who hold her...” Proverbs 3:18

The design, fabrication, and casting of the gold elements, such as the two Cherubim (כרובים), crown (זֵר), carrier rings, and other decorations required an intricate process, especially since these figures had to be cast and hammered from solid gold. These male and female Cherubim (based on Genesis 1:27) sit atop the Ark’s cover, known as the Kaporet (כפורת), with their wings covering the Kaporet and outstretched toward each other. The craftsmanship involved was guided by more than just the descriptions in the Torah; the group turned to various Hebrew sources like archeology, Mishnah, Talmud, Aggadah, and Maimonides’ (Rambam) Guide for the Perplexed to fill in the missing details.

The Mishnah provided practical guidance on the measurements and proportions, ensuring that the dimensions adhered to the standards passed down through generations. The Talmud and the Guide for the Perplexed offered deeper commentary on the symbolism of each element, discussing not only the function of elements like the Cherubim but also the spiritual significance behind their construction. According to the sages, the Cherubim represented the relationship between God and His people—one of closeness yet mystery. Their faces were hidden from sight, looking down toward the Kaporet and shielding the Ark from above, symbolizing the connection between the earthly, which can be grasped, and the divine, which is beyond the senses.

One particularly fascinating detail came from the interpretation of Psalm 114, which celebrates Israel’s exodus from Egypt. The craftsmen, guided by the traditions preserved in various Jewish sources, decided that each Cherub would have 114 feathers, corresponding to the verses of this Psalm, as a subtle homage to the freedom and faith that the Ark itself represents. This attention to symbolic detail, derived from layers of scriptural and rabbinic teachings, infused the work with profound meaning beyond the physical beauty of the Ark.

In addition to the precise materials, acacia wood, gems, linen, wool, and cotton were chosen based on scriptural sources, ensuring that every aspect of the Ark adhered to biblical tradition. Even the method of casting the gold and hammering the Cherubim was done with strict adherence to the descriptions found in these ancient texts, ensuring that the Ark was not just a replica but a sacred vessel imbued with the holiness of its predecessors.

Sample geometry and math used in the Cherub design

The hand and finger formation of the Cherubs resembles the ones used by the Kohanim (the priests) during the priestly blessing. They symbolize the divine channels for conveying blessings from G-d to the people. The gesture, in which the fingers form a unique shape, involves the hands separated in a manner that resembles the Hebrew letter “Shin” or S (ש), which is associated with one of G-d’s names, “Shaddai.” This formation symbolizes G-d’s presence and protection over the congregation. During the blessing, the priests are not looked at by the congregation, as it’s believed that the Shekhinah (the divine presence) rests upon their fingers during this sacred moment, creating a spiritual connection between God, the priests, and the people.

Rubbies, silver, and gold wire were used to decorate the Torah cover.

The refining of gold, the precise details required in the casting process, and the structural engineering for the Ark’s construction demanded careful planning and testing. Adhering to biblical requirements, the Ark had to be designed to be carried by four Levites over long distances. This required a detailed design and placement of the carrier poles, which were essential for the Ark’s mobility. The poles needed to be engineered to balance the load evenly, ensuring stability during transport while minimizing torsion, shear, and vibration at the carrier rings.

Melting down gold ingot in preparation for casting

To achieve this, modern design methods such as finite element analysis (FEA) were employed to simulate and analyze the stresses on the Ark and its supporting components. This ensured that the poles could support the weight of ~ 130 LBS under real-world conditions without risk of damage or failure. The analysis allowed for a precise understanding of how the structure would behave, optimizing the construction to meet aesthetics and performance standards.

Sample stress and load calculation for the carrier poles

The project embodied community collaboration by its very nature. Every measurement, material selection, fabrication technique, and design choice was made faithfully to the original intent, blending ancient fabrication and decoration methods with modern manufacturing expertise to create something not only practical but also beautiful and deeply spiritual to affirm the covenant between G‑d, His people, and the land of Israel.

Once the Ark was completed, the next phase of the journey began—bringing it to Israel, a task that proved as challenging as its construction. The skies over Israel had been mostly shut down, with commercial flights suspended due to the ongoing war and constant daily rocket attacks. There was no way to reserve cargo air transport with traditional shippers; very few flights entered or left the country. Despite these obstacles, the group remained steadfast in believing the mission would succeed.

Behind the scenes, a remarkable network came together to make the seemingly impossible happen. What began as a small, private effort quickly grew into a larger operation involving dozens of individuals. Friends and strangers worldwide heard about the mission and offered their skills, resources, and connections. Quietly, an international operation took shape involving logistics, government, security, transportation, and military contacts.

The breakthrough came when a rare opportunity arose to transport the Ark as part of a DoD cargo shipment. These flights, typically reserved for essential military materials, rarely made exceptions for civilian projects. But through what some may call divine intervention, the group secured space for the Ark on one of these flights.

The shipment was quickly coordinated. The Ark was packed in a specially designed waterproof aluminum container and handled with the utmost care, as one would handle a baby. The crew, who had no direct connection to the mission, treated the Ark with reverence, sensing its significance. The fact that the Ark was being moved as part of a military support operation, flying over the Southern and Northern war zones, felt almost poetic—a reminder of its historical role as both a vessel of faith and a cataclysmic weapon carried ahead of the Army.

The Ark is packaged in the container and ready for shipment

The network of individuals involved in the operation extended far beyond the original group. Contacts at airports, logistics, transportation, military, CBP, law enforcement, and customs officials all played crucial roles in ensuring the Ark’s expedient travel. What could have easily been a bureaucratic nightmare turned into an efficient act of international cooperation, as if the mission itself had taken on a life of its own.

Despite the daily rocket attacks, the group landed quietly in Israel. They cleared the 300-pound container through customs in a record 15 minutes, loaded it onto a truck, and set off for their first destination: the ancient city of Shiloh. This sacred site, where the original Ark was kept for 369 years during the period of the Tabernacle, became the Ark’s first resting place in its journey through the Holy Land. Upon arrival, the Levites accompanying the Ark carefully placed it in the location where the original Ark had stood over 3,000 years ago. The moment was profound as they gathered around the Ark, singing the ancient blessing from Numbers 10:35-36:

When the Ark was to set out, Moses would say: Advance, O G-D, May Your enemies be scattered, And may Your foes flee before You!

Their journey did not end at Shiloh. They visited Jericho, where the Ark circled the city walls for seven days before they collapsed. Then came the Temple Mount, where the First and Second Temple once stood, and King David’s palace in the City of David, where King David kept the Ark before it found its place in King Solomon’s temple. Finally, they finished in Beit Shemesh, retracing the path of the Ark taken when it was returned by the Philistines—a story laden with mystery and divine intervention. At each stop, there was a reverence, a quiet awe, as though they were following in the footsteps of their ancestors from millennia past.

At the Palace in the City of David

But it was at Shiloh that something extraordinary occurred. Within a minute of the Levites reciting the ancient blessing and blowing the Shofar to the four corners, Yahya Sinwar, the architect of the October 7th massacre, was dead. The timing was uncanny, almost impossible to comprehend. They had just spoken the words “May Your enemies be scattered,” and now one the most feared and wanted figures in recent history was gone.

The circumstances surrounding Sinwar’s death were shrouded in mystery. It wasn’t the result of a calculated intelligence operation or a successful manhunt; instead, it seemed to happen by an inexplicable twist of fate. For over a year, Sinwar had slipped through the grasp of Israeli intelligence, always one step ahead, and was likely en route to Egypt, beyond the reach of justice. Yet, at that moment, without warning, he was struck down—The timing was beyond coincidence; it was as if the heavens themselves had responded to the prayer. The hand of judgment had moved swiftly and silently, scattering the enemies of G-d as the Ark had once done in days long past.

When the Ark was to set out

 

The Ark Chronology

#	Location	Duration	Date BCE	Reference	Context
1	Wilderness of Sinai	~ 40 years	1440-1400	Exodus 25:10-22 Exodus 40:1-5	The Israelites constructed the Ark in the wilderness, symbolizing God’s presence during their journey. They camp around the Ark, which serves as the central focus of their worship and a representation of God’s guidance.
2	Gilgal	After crossing the Jordan	1400	Joshua 4:10	The Ark is set as a memorial after entering the Promised Land. It leads the Israelites across the Jordan to Gilgal.
3	Shiloh	~369 years	1399-1020	Joshua18:1	The Ark was moved to Shiloh, which served as the central place of worship during the time of the judges. It was housed in the Tabernacle, which became the focal point for sacrifices and religious gatherings.
4	Captured in the Battle of Aphek	~ 7 months	1020	1 Samuel 4:1	The Ark is captured during a battle at Ebenezer against the Philistines. The Israelites believed that bringing the Ark into battle would ensure victory. However, the Philistines’ capture causes plagues to afflict their cities. In response, the Philistines placed the Ark on a cart, hitched two cows, and sent it back to the Israelites.
5	Returned to Beit Shemesh	~ 1 week	1020	1 Samuel 6	The Ark arrives at Beit Shemesh. The people rejoice seeing it but are struck down by a plague for looking inside. The Levites move the Ark to Kiriath-Yearim.
6	Kiriath-Yearim	~ 20 years	1020-1000	1 Samuel 7	The Ark is kept at Abinadab’s house. Its presence blesses Abinadab’s household and remains there until it is moved to Jerusalem.
7	House of Obed-Edom	~ 3 months	1000	2 Samuel 6 1 Chronicles 13	During King David’s attempt to bring the Ark to Jerusalem, Uzzah, one of those accompanying it, touched it to steady it, violating sacred law, and was struck down by God. This incident caused David to halt the journey, leaving the Ark in the house of Obed-Edom for three months, where it brought blessings to his household.
8	Jerusalem	~ 40 years	1000-960	2 Samuel 6	King David brings the Ark to Jerusalem, establishing it as the center of religious worship. During the joyous procession, David dances before the Ark with great enthusiasm. The Ark is then housed in a tent within the City of David, near the royal palace.
9	First Temple	Destruction of the 1st temple	960-586	1 Kings 8	Solomon built the First Temple and placed the Ark in the Holy of Holies. During the Temple’s dedication, the glory of the Lord filled the space, signifying God’s presence among His people.
10	Post Exile	Until present	After 586	2 Maccabees 4	After the Babylonian exile, the Ark’s location becomes a mystery.